The electorate have commenced heading to polling stations, with surveys pointing to a possible shift in leadership away from the incumbent moderate right coalition.
This potential shift would empower the European anti-establishment nationalist camp and may complicate unity on green initiatives in a state where no sitting government has achieved a subsequent mandate since the mid-1990s.
Czechs have faced steep price increases following the health emergency and Russia's military action in eastern Europe, coupled with a sluggish recovery from one of the continent's most severe falls in real incomes.
These factors have hurt the approval ratings of the leader Petr Fiala's political bloc and its liberal allies, who focused on reducing the fiscal shortfall.
Candidates made final pitches to voters on election day, with leading business magnate Andrej Babiš handing out pastries in the manufacturing hub of Ostrava.
“We don’t have the money here for our people. We aim to enhance the quality of life locally … This is not about Ukraine,” the candidate remarked in a recent discussion.
The populist leader is an partner of the Hungarian Prime Minister Orbán in the patriotic bloc faction in the Brussels assembly and has taken an mixed line on assistance for the eastern European nation – a change from the incumbent leadership, which quickly took a strong position to assist the Ukrainian government after the Russian military campaign in recent years.
Even though donating fewer resources than other nations in monetary terms, the Czechs were pioneers to deliver armored vehicles and combat equipment and they set up the so-called “Czech initiative” pulling together businesses and security experts to find millions of munitions around the world for Ukraine with financial backing from international partners.
The candidate has committed to discontinue the military supply effort, saying it is too costly. He wants the alliance and the EU to handle Ukraine.
Opinion research point to the populist's ANO party gaining more than 30% of the support, approximately 10 points more than the premier's alliance. But, even with a minor partner known as Motorists, it will likely not secure a parliamentary control in the sizable chamber of deputies.
The party's strained relationship with the incumbent bloc and its supporters suggest the party may depend on assistance from Euroskeptic and NATO-skeptic extremist factions – the right-wing the populist right and the socialist the protest movement – for its preferred one-party cabinet.
The candidate has dismissed any measures towards leaving the EU or Nato, such as proposals for public votes, countering claims by the incumbent administration that he would pull the country away from its pro-democracy, Euro-Atlantic path.
During a the candidate's campaign event in a town close to the main city recently, a supporter, an entrepreneur voting the movement, remarked: “Alarmist rhetoric will frighten a lot of electorate, but that is a pity as it is not supported by the truth. Under Babiš's previous government, I was financially improved.”
The candidate must address additional hurdles to become prime minister. As the owner of a chemical industry and agribusiness holdings, he must to devise a method to comply with ethics rules. He furthermore is confronting a trial on allegations of fraud related to drawing an Brussels funding over a decade and a half past, charges he contests.
The incumbent alliance and its supporters might maintain a parliamentary dominance if some fringe movements fail to reach the minimum threshold required to secure seats in the chamber, a situation that helped them in the previous vote but seems unlikely to be repeated, according to pollsters.
Polls will be open until late evening (20:00 UTC) on Friday and from 8am to early afternoon on Saturday, with results projected on Saturday.
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